2012 ~ SMART ENGLISH FOR LEARNER

Saturday, September 15, 2012

derrrrrrr

12:20 AM No comments

fccccccc

KINDS OF SENTENCES (JENIS KALIMAT)

8:07 AM No comments

Kalimat dalam bahasa inggris berdasarkan bentuknya terbagi atas :simple sentence, compound sentence, complex sentence dan compound complex sentence. Sebuah kalimat dibangun oleh dependent clauses ataupun di gabungkan dengan independent clauses .di atas telah di bahas mengenai simple sentence maka selanjutnya akan di bicarakan yang lainnya . meskipun masing-masing jenis kalimat terdiri dari dua klasa atau lebih dasar untuk membuat kalimat sama dengan pola dasar kalimat yang telah dibahas sebelumnya.

a. Compound sentence

Compound sentence atau kalimat majemuk adalah kalimat yang terdiri dari dua dependent clauses yang di gabungkan dengan or, but, and, either … or, neither … nor, not only … but also.

· You can do it or leave it.

· He openend the door and greeted his guest.

· I will finish my work and go to college after that.

· It rained hard yesterday and there was astrong wind.

· We can fix lunch for them or take them to a restaurant.

Tetapi pada kenyataannya brntukcompound lebih sering muncul sebagai ’parallel structure’ yaitu menggabungkan unsure-unsur sejenis seprti noun dengan noun, verb dengan verb, adjective dengan adjective atau adverb dengan adverb. Dalam hal ini kalimat berikut ini disebut simple sentence bukan sebagai compound sentence.

· He has neither a pen nor ink.

· You can have either tea or coffee.

· The secretary will neither confirm nor deny the news.

· The teacher has met both his father and mother

· You can either go by air or take a train.

· He bought not only shoes but also dresses.

b. Complex sentence

Complex sentence adalah kalimat yang digabungkan dengan surbodinator antara lain: although, because, since, when, nevertheless, if, while, until, now that, by the time, till, dll.

· Although the weather is very hot, she walks to the book store.

· Since she has a holiday, she visit some tourist places in Indonesia.

· She passed the test because she had worked very hard.

· We don’t know when the competition will start.

· If I were the president. I would punish all the corruptors.

· While she was answering the phone, her neighbor was knocking at the door.

· we stayed there until we finished our assignment.

· When I arrived, he has taking his bath

· Last night I made some cake after I had prepared dinner.

· He waited for you till the last plane arrived.

c. Compound complex sentence

Compound complex sentence adlah kalimat yang dibentuk dengan menggabungkan paling sedikit tiga klausa, seperti contoh berikut.

· I know the man well because he live next to my house and we work at the same office.

· Since the was slippery, he drove very carefully especially when there are two cars running side by side.

d. Passive sentence

Kalimat passive dalam bahasa inggris di bentuk dari kalimat active transitif artinya kalimat tersebut mempunyai obyek. Tidak ada perubahan tenses dalam hal ini, yang terjadi adalah perubahan bentuk kata kerja yaitu penambahan kata krja be sesuai dengan tense kalimat active yang dirubah, seperti di bawah ini.

Active : He believes you.

Passive : You are believed by him.

Active : They did the test.

Passive : The test was done by them.

Active : My mother is making a cake.

Passive : A cake is being made by my mother.

Active : the team has won the match.

Passive : The match has been won by the team.

Active : She will hold the party.

Passive : A party will be held by her.

Active : Does the boy like it?

Passive : Is it liked by the boy?

Active : He would cancel the meeting.

Passive : The meeting would be cancelled by him

Active : the child will be studying the math.

Passive : The math will be studying studied by the child

Active : We can help you.

Passive : You can be helped by us.

Active : The students sang a song.

Passive : A song was sung by the students.

Active : Had they proved the truth?

Passive : Had the truth been proved?

Active : Did you forget your promise?

Passive : Was your promise forgotten y you?

Active : She has been telling it to me.

Passive : It has been being told to me by her.

COMMANDS ( kata perintah)

9:25 PM No comments

Commands adalah kalimat perintah yang langsung di tujukan kepada orang kedua (you) tanpa menyebutkannya secara eksplisit dalam kalimat . kalimat perintah yang positif disebut imperative sentence sedangkan kalimat larangan disebut prohibive sentence. Untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikan contoh berikut:

· Take care of yourself.

· Study hard if you want to succeed.

· Don’t disturb me with your bullshit

· Enjoy yourself!

· Do your best!

· Please open the window!

· Don’t repeat the same question!

· Don’t despise him!

· Don’t tell a lie to me!

· Please pass me the sugar!

Commands bisa juga dinyatakan dengan subjek dan juga dengan menggunakan kata ‘let’ seperti berikut:

· Everybody shut up!

· Tina and hitler stand in front of the class.

· You mind your business!

· You keep silent!

· Let me check your document!

· Let us work together!

· Let me show you the way!

dddddddddddd

7:16 AM No comments

dddddd

NOAH MY FAVOURITE BAND

4:48 PM No comments

hemff....

9:54 PM No comments

bulan puasa oi

question tag

9:52 PM No comments

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

2:56 AM No comments

untuk sementara masih vacum

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

6:23 PM No comments

FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

10:35 PM No comments

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

8:47 PM No comments

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUOS TENSE

12:19 AM No comments

adalah suatu kalimat yang menyatakan suatu kejadian yang belum terjadi dan sama sekali masih belum terjamah oleh siapapun, simplenya sesuatu di masa depan kita.

PAST PERFECT TENSE

8:38 PM No comments

PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

2:02 AM No comments

past perfect tense adalah suatu kalimat yang membahas tentang kejadian masa lalu pada waktu masa lalu

PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

11:07 PM No comments

Adalah kalimat yang menerangkan tentang suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa lampau sedang di saat yang bersamaan terjadi kejadian berikutnya.

Kalimat ini mempunyai ciri-ciri yang mudah untuk di bedakan dengan kalimat- kalimat lainnya. Kwerena kalimat ini juga memakai kata kerja bentuk ke satu namun sebelumnya di ikuti tobe dan di tambah ing
.

Rumus-rumusnya sebagai berikut :

(+) S + To be + V₁-ing + Adverb

(-) S + To be + not + V₁-ing + Adverb

(?) To be + S + V₁-ing + Adverb

(-?) To be + not + S + V₁-ing + Adverb

Examples:

(+) I was eating fried rice last Sunday.

(-) I was not eating fried rice last Sunday.

(?) Was I eating fried rice last Sunday?

(-?) Was not I eating fried rice last Sunday?

(+) You were eating fried rice last Sunday.

(-) You were not eating fried rice last Sunday.

(?) Were you eating fried rice last Sunday?

(-?) Were not you eating fried rice last Sunday?

(+) We were eating fried rice last Sunday.

(-) We were not eating fried rice last Sunday.

(?) Were we eating fried rice last Sunday?

(-?) Were not we eating fried rice last Sunday?

(+) They were eating fried rice last Sunday.

(-) They were not eating fried rice last Sunday.

(?) Were they eating fried rice last Sunday?

(-?) Were not they eating fried rice last Sunday?

(+) He was eating fried rice last Sunday.

(-) He was not eating fried rice last Sunday.

(?) Was he eating fried rice last Sunday?

(-?) Was not they eating fried rice last Sunday?

(+) She was eating fried rice last Sunday.

(-) She was not eating fried rice last Sunday.

(?) Was she eating fried rice last Sunday?

(-?) Was not she eating fried rice last Sunday?

(+) It was eating fried rice last Sunday.

(-) It was not eating fried rice last Sunday.

(?) Was it eating fried rice last Sunday?

(-?) Was not it eating fried rice last Sunday?

Catatan :

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

11:47 PM No comments

Adalah kalimat yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang telah dimulai di waktulampau dan masih terus berlanjut hingga saat dinyatakan.

Jika kita perhatikan dari susunan kalimatnya. Kalimat ini merupakan kalimat perpaduan antara kalimat perfect dan kalimat continuous. Hanya saja pada kalimat ini tobe yang dipakai menggunakan been.

Formulanya sebagai beikut:

( + ) kalimat positive (S + Have/Has + been + V_ing + O + adverb)

( - ) kalimat negative ( S + Have/Has+ Not + been + V_ing + O + Adverb )

( ? ) kalimat introgative ( Have/Has + S + been +V_ing + O + Adverb )

( -? ) kalimat negative introgative (Have/Has + Not + S + been +V_ing + O + Adverb)

Examples:

(+) I have been watching Dragon Ball Cartoon for two hours.

(-) I have not been watching Dragon Ball Cartoon for two hours.

(?) Have I been watching Dragon Ball Cartoon for two hours?

(-?)Haven’t I been watching Dragon Ball Cartoon for two hours?

(+) You have been gone to school since 07.00 o’clock.

(-) You haven’t been gone to school since 07.00 o’clock.

(?) Have you been gone to school since 07.00 o’clock?

(-?) Haven’t you been gone to school since 07.00 o’clock?

(+)We have been gone home from school since 10.00 o’clock.

(-) We haven’t been gone home from school since 10.00 o’clock.

(?) Have we been gone home from school since 10.00 o’clock?

(-?)Haven’t we been gone home from school since 10.00 o’clock?

(+) They played football yesterday.

(-) They didn’t play football yesterday.

(?) Did they play football yesterday?

(-?) Didn’t they play football yesterday?

(+) He ate fried rice yesterday.

(-)He didn’t eat fried rice yesterday.

(?) Did he eat fried rice yesterday?

(-?)Didn’t He eat fried rice yesterday?

(+) She drank a glass of orange juice yesterday.

(-) She didn’t drink a glass of orange juice yesterday.

(?) Did she drink a glass of orange juice yesterday?

(-?) Didn’t she drink a glass of orange juice yesterday?

(+) It ate fried rice last Sunday.

(-) It did not eat fried rice last Sunday.

(?) Did it eat fried rice last Sunday?

(-?) Did not it eat fried rice last Sunday?

Catatan :

Untuk kalimat Nominal seharusnya di gandeng dengan kalimat verbal agar maknanya lebih bisa di mengerti namun agar anda dapat membedakannya anda juga bisa tambahi sendiri.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

4:55 AM No comments

Adalah kalimat yang menyatakan suatu kegiatan sempurna/selesai pada saat ini, pada prinsipnya preset perfect tense adalah kalimat yanfg dipakai padawaktu sekarang yang menjelskan bahwa pekerjaan/kegiatan yang dilakukan telah telah selesai pada hari itu juga. Jika pekerjaan / kegiatan yang telah selesai dilakukan itu dij ucapkan pada esok harinya maka kalimat yang diucapkan tersebut bukan lagi present perfect tense melainkan simple past tense, jadi anda harus hati – hati dalam pemakaian kalimatnya.

Ciri – cirri present perfect tense selal memakai kata kerja bentuk ke-3 di setiap kalimatnya bisa dikatakan kata kerja bentuk ke-3 waJIB untuk di gunakan. untuk lebih jelasnya perhatikanlah rumus – rumusnya serta contoh – contohnya sebagai berikut :

(+) S +

+ V₃ + Adverb

(-) S +

+ not + V₃ + Adverb

(?)

+ S + V₃ + Adverb

(-?)

+ not + S + V₃ + Adverb

Examples :

(+) I have eaten fried rice now.

(-) I have not eaten fried rice now.

(?) Have I eaten fried rice now?

(-?) Have not I eaten fried rice now?

(+) You have eaten fried rice now.

(-) You have not eaten fried rice now.

(?) Have you eaten fried rice now?

(-?) Have not you eaten fried rice now?

(+) We have eaten fried rice now.

(-) We have not eaten fried rice now.

(?) Have we eaten fried rice now?

(-?) Have not we eaten fried rice now?

(+) They have eaten fried rice now.

(-) They have not eaten fried rice now.

(?) Have they eaten fried rice now?

(-?) Have not they eaten fried rice now?

(+) He has eaten fried rice now.

(-) He has not eaten fried rice now.

(?) Has he eaten fried rice now?

(-?) Has not he eaten fried rice now?

(+) She has eaten fried rice now.

(-) She has not eaten fried rice now.

(?) Has she eaten fried rice now?

(-?) Has not she eaten fried rice now?

Catatan :

Penggunaan

di tentukan menurut subjectnya:

Have ( I, YOU, WE, THEY )

Has ( HE, SHE, IT )

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

2:53 AM No comments

Adalah kalimat yang menerangkan tentang suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung / berkesinambungan dan waktu kejadiannya terjadi pada saat ini (sekarang).

Kalimat ini mempunyai cirri-ciri yang mudah untuk dibedakan dengan kalimat-kalimat lainnya. Karena ini masih kalimat present juga jadi kata kerja yang di pakai tetap kata kerjabentuk ke satu namun di awali tobe dan di tambahi –ing.

Formula :

(+) S + To be + V - ing + O + Adverb

(-)S + To be + Not + V - ing + O + Adverb

(?)To be + S + V - ing + O + Adverb

(-?)To be + Not + S + V - ing + O + Adverb

Examples :